What Is GYN Cancer?
Gynecologic cancer refers to any cancer that begins in a woman’s reproductive organs. Each type develops differently and can affect different age groups, but they share some overlapping symptoms, which is part of why early detection matters. The most commonly diagnosed gynecologic cancers are endometrial or uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, and cervical cancer. Because these cancers develop in different tissues, they’re each diagnosed and treated somewhat differently.
Recognizing Symptoms
Symptoms of gynecologic cancer, such as bloating, pelvic pain, abnormal bleeding, or feeling full quickly, can resemble other common conditions like gastrointestinal issues, menopause, or stress. Because of this overlap, these symptoms are sometimes mistaken for something else, which can delay diagnosis. If something feels persistently different in your body, it’s worth having it evaluated rather than waiting it out.
Gynecologic Cancer Risk Factors
Each type of gynecologic cancer has its own risk factors, but general risk factors include:
- Age. The risk for most gynecologic cancers increases with age, especially after menopause.
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HPV plays a role in several gynecologic cancers, and a vaccine can protect against it.
- Never having been pregnant, which raises the risk of some gynecologic cancers.
- Family history of gynecologic cancers. Genetic counseling may help people with a strong family history.
Screening and Diagnostics
Early detection plays a critical role in effective treatment for gynecologic cancer. Knowing your body and recognizing symptoms early gives you and your care team the best chance to act quickly and accurately.
A regular gynecology exam is one of the best ways to find cancer early. The screening test for cervical cancer is the Pap test, so see your primary care doctor or OB/GYN regularly for a pelvic exam and Pap test. If a gynecologic cancer is suspected, other tests may include imaging (MRI, CT or PET), a transvaginal ultrasound, an endoscopy, a biopsy, or a CA-125 blood test for ovarian cancer.
Treatment
Atlanta Cancer Care offers leading edge treatment options for women with gynecologic cancer. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy remain the three foundational treatment approaches, and newer, more advanced treatments and technologies continue to offer additional hope and improved outcomes.
*American Cancer Society Cancer Statistic Center
If something doesn’t feel right, trust that instinct. Our team is here to listen, evaluate, and help you get answers quickly.
Find a Physician
A Team of Gynecologic Cancer Specialists
Through our affiliation with Northside Hospital Cancer Institute’s Gynecologic Cancer Program, ACC patients have access to gynecologic oncologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, pathologists and radiologists who work as one team. Patients can also see nurse navigators, dietitians, rehabilitation specialists, genetic counselors, research nurses and social workers. See the Northside Gynecologic Cancer Program.
Gynecologic Cancer Support and Survivorship
Through Northside Hospital Cancer Institute, oncology nurse navigators guide patients through treatment and coordinate with the whole care team. To reach a nurse navigator, call 404-300-2800 or email nurse.navigator@northside.com.
At ACC, our oncology social workers help patients and families with counseling, community resources, transportation and financial concerns. You can also explore our supportive care resources.
Common Questions About Gynecologic Cancers
Which cancers are gynecologic cancers?
Cancers that start in a woman’s reproductive organs, including endometrial (uterine), ovarian, cervical, vaginal and vulvar cancers.
Which is the most common?
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer, and it most often occurs after menopause.
Is there a screening test?
Yes, for cervical cancer: the Pap test. There is no routine screening test for most other gynecologic cancers, so it’s important to report symptoms such as abnormal bleeding, bloating or pelvic pain.
Can HPV vaccination help?
Yes. HPV plays a role in several gynecologic cancers, and the HPV vaccine protects against the types most linked to cancer.
